Nondiscrimination

You must treat job applicants as well as current employees equally, regardless of religion. The law protects not only people who belong to traditional, organized religions, such as Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism, but also others who have sincerely held religious beliefs.  Further, the law protects those who are not part of any religious group or have no sincerely held religious beliefs. In general, this means you can’t: 

• fire,
• reject for a job or promotion,
• give lesser assignments to,
• force to take leave, or
• otherwise negatively alter the terms and conditions of employment for an individual because of their religion. 

You’re not allowed to segregate employees based on religion, such as assigning them to non-customer service positions because of an actual or feared negative customer reaction. You have the obligation to provide reasonable accommodations for an employee’s religious beliefs or practices, unless doing so would impose more than a minimal burden on business operations. This means that you may be required to make reasonable adjustments to the workplace that would allow your employees to practice their religion, such as flexible schedules, voluntary shift substitutions or swaps, and exceptions to dress and grooming rules. 

You’re not allowed to discriminate against workers because of: 

• their sincerely held religious beliefs,
• their marriage to or association with an individual of a particular religion, or
• the dress or grooming practices they follow for religious reasons.

Employment discrimination may also occur when an employer’s seemingly fair policies or practices have a significant negative impact on people because of their religion without demonstrating the policies or practices are job-related and consistent with business necessity. And discrimination can occur when the person who discriminates shares a protected characteristic like religion with the applicant or employee who is discriminated against.  

It is, however, not unlawful for an employer to hire and employ employees based on religion in certain instances where religion is a bona fide occupational qualification reasonably necessary to the normal operation of that particular business or enterprise. Specially defined “religious organizations” and “religious educational institutions” are also exempt from certain religious discrimination provisions under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act.  Additionally, religious organizations may have an affirmative defense to claims by certain workers under the “ministerial exception” from nondiscrimination laws.